What are the types of filters in Tableau?

Tableau applies filters in a fixed order, and the types line up with it:

• Extract filters — applied when the extract is built, so excluded rows never enter the workbook. - Data source filters — applied to every sheet using the source, before anything else. Common for row-level security. - Context filters — promoted above ordinary dimension filters; Tableau materialises a temporary table that later filters operate on. - Dimension filters — filtering on a qualitative field, including top-N and conditional filters. - Measure filters — filtering on an aggregated value, so applied after aggregation. - Table calculation filters — applied last, on the result set, which is why they hide marks without changing the underlying computation.

Knowing that order is what the question is really testing, because it explains a lot of surprising behaviour — including why a FIXED expression appears to ignore a quick filter.